| New York State's borders touch (clockwise
| |
| | or Champlain. Lake George empties at its
|
| from the northwest) two Great Lakes (Erie
| |
| | north end into Lake Champlain, whose
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| and Ontario, which are connected by the
| |
| | northern end extends into Canada, where
|
| Niagara River); one former Great Lake
| |
| | it drains into the Richelieu and then the
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| (Lake Champlain); the provinces of
| |
| | St Lawrence Rivers. Four of New York
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| Ontario and Quebec in Canada; three New
| |
| | City's five boroughs are on the three
|
| England states (Vermont, Massachusetts,
| |
| | islands at the mouth of the Hudson River:
|
| and Connecticut); the Atlantic Ocean, and
| |
| | Manhattan Island, Staten Island, and Long
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| two Mid-Atlantic states (New Jersey and
| |
| | Island.
|
| Pennsylvania). In addition, Rhode Island
| |
| | "Upstate" is a common term for New York
|
| shares a water border with New York.
| |
| | State north of the New York City
|
| New York is also the site of the only
| |
| | metropolitan area. Which of the suburban
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| extra-territorial enclave within the
| |
| | counties north of The Bronx along the
|
| boundaries of the U.S., the United
| |
| | Hudson River (Rockland, Westchester,
|
| Nations compound on Manhattan's East
| |
| | Putnam, Orange, and Dutchess) are
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| River.
| |
| | included in the Upstate region depends on
|
| The southern tip of New York State—New
| |
| | who is using this term. Upstate New York
|
| York City, its suburbs, and the southern
| |
| | typically includes the Catskill and
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| portion of the Hudson Valley—can be
| |
| | Adirondack Mountains, the Shawangunk
|
| considered to form the central core of a
| |
| | Ridge, the Finger Lakes and the Great
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| "megalopolis," a super-city stretching
| |
| | Lakes in the west; and Lake Champlain,
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| from the northern suburbs of Boston to
| |
| | Lake George, and Oneida Lake in the
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| the southern suburbs of Washington and
| |
| | northeast; and rivers such as the
|
| therefore occasionally called "BosWash".
| |
| | Delaware, Genesee, Hudson, Mohawk, and
|
| First described by Jean Gottmann in 1961
| |
| | Susquehanna. The highest elevation in New
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| as a new phenomenon in the history of
| |
| | York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks.
|
| world urbanization, the megalopolis is
| |
| | East of Manhattan extends the
|
| characterized by a coalescence of
| |
| | appropriately named Long Island,
|
| previous already-large cities of the
| |
| | stretching approximately 120 miles (190
|
| Eastern Seaboard: a heavy specialization
| |
| | km) from Kings (Brooklyn) and Queens
|
| on tertiary activity related to
| |
| | Counties (part of New York City) on the
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| government, trade, law, education,
| |
| | western end to Orient and Montauk Points
|
| finance, publishing and control of
| |
| | in the semi-rural "East End" of the
|
| economic activity; plus a growth pattern
| |
| | Island. The two counties that are
|
| not so much of more population and more
| |
| | encountered as one travels east from New
|
| area as more intensive use of already
| |
| | York City are Nassau and Suffolk. Three
|
| existing urbanized area and ever more
| |
| | of Suffolk County's ten
|
| sophisticated links from one specialty to
| |
| | towns—Brookhaven, Riverhead, and
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| another. Several other groups of
| |
| | Southampton— despite being subject to
|
| megalopolis-type super-cities exist in
| |
| | the overdevelopment of New York City's
|
| the world, but that centered around New
| |
| | expanding suburbs, are host to the
|
| York City was the first described and
| |
| | 102,500 acre (415 km2) state designated
|
| still is the best example.
| |
| | and protected Central Pine Barrens
|
| The five New York City boroughs (and
| |
| | region. This remarkably undeveloped
|
| their counties) are: 1. The Bronx
| |
| | region overlies part of Long Island's
|
| (Bronx), on the mainland, north of 2.
| |
| | federally designated Sole Source Aquifer
|
| Manhattan (New York) on Manhattan Island
| |
| | which provides drinking water to nearly
|
| and Roosevelt Island. The Hudson River is
| |
| | three million residents, and it contains
|
| their western boundary.
| |
| | terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of
|
| 3. Brooklyn (Kings) and 4. Queens
| |
| | statewide and national significance,
|
| (Queens) are across the East River from
| |
| | interconnected surface and ground waters,
|
| Manhattan on the western end of Long
| |
| | recreational areas, historic locales,
|
| Island, and 5. Staten Island (Richmond)
| |
| | farmlands, and residential communities.
|
| is south of Manhattan.
| |
| | This region is the largest remnant of a
|
| The eastern end of Long Island includes
| |
| | forest thought to have once encompassed
|
| the suburban counties of Nassau and
| |
| | over a quarter million acres (1,000 km2)
|
| Suffolk, which, however, are not part of
| |
| | on Long Island following the last glacial
|
| New York City.
| |
| | advance some 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.
|
| The megalopolis, however, is not the only
| |
| | Much of the region's ecosystem is similar
|
| aspect of New York State. While best
| |
| | to the larger New Jersey Pinelands (also
|
| known for New York City's urban
| |
| | called "Pine barrens") to the south and
|
| atmosphere, especially Manhattan's
| |
| | southwest of New York City, along with
|
| skyscrapers, by contrast the rest of the
| |
| | Cape Cod's pine barrens. All three areas
|
| state is dominated by farms, forests,
| |
| | share geologic and ecological
|
| rivers, mountains, and lakes. Few people
| |
| | characteristics common along the Atlantic
|
| know that New York's Adirondack State
| |
| | Coastal Plain of the U.S.
|
| Park is larger than any National Park in
| |
| | Trees have played a major role in the
|
| the U.S. outside of Alaska. Niagara
| |
| | surrounding areas of New York. Very large
|
| Falls, on the Niagara River as it flows
| |
| | trees can even grow in the New York
|
| from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a
| |
| | metropolitan area (for example, the
|
| popular attraction. The Hudson River
| |
| | Queens Giant is the tallest tree and the
|
| begins with Lake Tear of the Clouds and
| |
| | oldest living thing in the New York metro
|
| flows south through the eastern part of
| |
| | area).
|
| the state without draining Lakes George
| |
| |
|
