York - A City Known by Many Other Names

York has a long and celebrated history - during itsIndeed, the Viking influence is still strong in the
almost two millennia as a large settlement it has beenmodern-day city of York, with the suffix of 'gate'
known by a variety of different names by its manyderived from 'gata', meaning way or road, still in
rulers before becoming universally known as York.widespread use. Goodramgate, Micklegate,
There is evidence of settlement in the York areaCoppergate and Stonegate are major 21st century
stretching back almost 6,000 years. But it was theYork thoroughfares that were named during the era
Roman Ninth Legion, under the control of Governorof Viking control.
Qunitus Petilius Cerealis that was credited as formallyStonegate was originally the Roman stone road that
establishing the city of Eboracum at the confluence ofwent directly through the heart of the city and is still
the Rivers Foss and Ouse in 43 AD.one of the biggest attractions for modern-day visitors
The fifty acre fort soon became the most importantto York, offering some unique boutique shopping and it
city in the north of England; the command point for allis also home to one of the oldest original York hotels.
Roman operations. During its heyday as a RomanStill in operation but only as a pub, Ye Olde Starre Inn
Colonia it witnessed the death of Emperor Septimusdates back to the English Civil War, retaining many
Severus in 207 and was also the location for thehistoric features and is said to be haunted by several
crowning of Emperor Constantine the Great by hisghosts, including rather bizarrely a pair of cats!
own troops in 306.William the Conqueror wasted little time in getting to
Following the collapse of Roman rule in the 5th century,Jorvik after winning the Battle of Hastings however,
Eboracum continued to thrive as the spiritual capital ofthe Viking name of Jorvik was not changed by the
the Anglo-Saxon Deira sub-kingdom of Northumbria.Frenchman but later became corrupted during the
During this period the Roman name of EboracumMiddle Ages; morphing first into Yerk and then finally
morphed into Eoforwic; the name by which it wasinto York by the time of the Tudors.
known until 866 AD when the Vikings under the jointToday, visitors marvel at York Minster, the cathedral
leadership of Halfdan and Ivar the Boneless conqueredstarted in the 12th century but not completed for 200
the city. Ten years later the renamed city of Jorvikyears; the narrow streets and the wealth of history
became the capital of the Viking kingdom of the samehidden within this medieval-walled city, now firmly
name.known as plain old York!