The Origins of Cuban Art

The first manifestations of the plastic arts in Cubahouses and buildings were constructed under the
must be placed in the archaeological sites of theMoorish influence, with balconies and galleries covered
aboriginal villages where clay vessels and petal-shapedin the top floor with decorated ceilings. In the 17th
axes (finely polished symmetric stones) have beencentury the architecture on the island took shape with
found. These two elements were very characteristicthe so called Cuban baroque. During this period a
of the most developed aboriginal group on the island.Cuban bourgeoisie began to rise intervening in the
Among the objects related to religious rites the cemiesdevelopment of the economy. The United States of
are really abundant, idols or images carved in stone,America became independent from England and
clay, wood, shell, or coral reef; and the dujos,became the main consumer of the island.
four-legged wooden chairs whose back ended in aAlready in the 18th century, the construction of the
curve with symbolic frames highly estimated by thechurches had transversed coffered arches within the
value, delicacy and meticulosity of the carving.naves. An example of this is the church of
In the 16th century, the first streets were traced andGuanabacoa, attributed to Alejandro Hernández. In the
the first churches were built. A certificate from thattowers of the churches, masonry pyramidal spirals
time states that in 1584 the painter Juan Camargowere used (square and polygonal towers) and the
was the first artist painting the altarpiece of thedecoration used was basically the same, beautiful,
Parochial Church. The defense of the island, andelaborate carvings. The Cathedral of Havana is
especially Havana, against the attacks of pirates andfinished in 1748 emerging with its construction the
privateers was of paramount importance; that is theornamental motif "la Habanera Jamba" and the
reason why military constructions were built in the firstsuppression of pedestals.
place, following the religious constructions and the civilIt is known that in this construction the Spanish Pedro
constructions in that order.de Medina from Cadiz and the Havanan Fernández
The churches made of masonry usually only had oneTrevejos participated. Its baroque style can be found in
nave, the exterior quite restrained. However, somethe movement of the façade on both sides of the
churches were decorated with towers to one side;main gates, the use of undulant, crooked lines and the
and to others lateral naves were added, henceu theuse of crosswise columns and spirals at the cornices.
reason why today we can see two octagonal smallThe interior was covered in wood; nonetheless, almost
towers that complement harmoniously the two bodiesat the end of the 19th century it was covered in
of the facade in some cases. The interiors of theplaster resembling gothic vaults and decorative
churches were decorated with carved images havingpaintings were added.
colors of certain value and made of precious and fineFine instances of the Cuban baroque are the House of
woods; and with very elaborate candelabra,the Government and the Post Office both located in
tabernacles, and missals which were fundamentallythe Arms Square, the Castle of La Fuerza and El
donations.Templete (with exception of La Fuerza, the rest of the
During the 16th century and from that moment on,buildings date from the 19th century).