| mal paper, such as a dissertation or a thesis, requires | | | | of APA Style guidelines and formatting rules. |
| you to follow several formatting rules. The rules | | | | II. THE DIFFERENCES |
| provide a structure for the paper, giving instructors the | | | | Quite a few formatting differences exist between |
| ability to work through the paper's ideas and to judge | | | | Chicago (Turabian) Style and APA Style, including |
| the validity of your arguments. Such rules also give you | | | | those listed here. Choose the style that will allow you |
| a standard, acceptable method for citing the sources | | | | to format your paper and deliver the information to |
| that you've used to create your paper, and thereby | | | | your readers in the most efficient manner. |
| avoiding inadvertently plagiarizing some material. | | | | IN-TEXT CITATIONS. Most of the differences |
| Determining which set of formatting rules, or styles, to | | | | between Chicago (Turabian) and APA Styles involve |
| follow is a decision you and your instructor will need to | | | | in-text citations. Both styles include the last name of |
| make. A few different popular formats exist, including | | | | the author and a page number in parentheses for the |
| MLA Style, chiefly used for the humanities and liberal | | | | in-text citation. APA Style also includes the year of |
| arts, along with APA Style and Chicago (Turabian) | | | | publication of the source, but Chicago (Turabian) Style |
| Style. | | | | does not. |
| Generally, you select the style to follow based on the | | | | Chicago (Turabian) Style also allows the use of |
| subject matter of the paper you’re writing. | | | | footnotes, rather than in-text citations, to cite your |
| Each style treats the formatting of the paper a little | | | | sources. With a footnote, you link the material that |
| differently to meet the citation needs for the subject | | | | needs to be sourced with the source information, |
| matter. In this article, we'll compare APA Style and | | | | usually through superscript Arabic numerals. A |
| Chicago (Turabian) Style. | | | | footnote lists far more information about each source |
| I. CHOOSING YOUR STYLE | | | | than does an in-text citation. Footnotes appear only on |
| If your instructor doesn't select the style that | | | | the page that contains the information that you need |
| you’ll use for your paper, pick a style based on | | | | to cite. When using footnotes, you don't necessarily |
| these suggestions. | | | | have to include a bibliography, although most people |
| CHICAGO (TURABIAN) STYLE. For the most part, | | | | use both. |
| Chicago (Turabian) Style works well as an | | | | An in-text citation, meanwhile, provides only a little basic |
| all-encompassing style for all types of subject matter. | | | | information about the source. Readers use the in-text |
| The University of Chicago Press has created The | | | | citation to find the full source information in the |
| Chicago Manual of Style, which provides the guidelines | | | | bibliography or reference list. |
| for citing sources and formatting papers. The 15th | | | | With Chicago (Turabian) Style, you may use either |
| edition is the latest edition. Visit | | | | footnotes or in-text citations. APA Style only allows |
| chicagomanualofstyle.org on the Web for more | | | | in-text citations. |
| information. Kate Turabian, the dissertation secretary | | | | PAGE NUMBERS. With both styles, the page number |
| at the University of Chicago for 30 years, created A | | | | appears in the upper right corner of each page. With |
| Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and | | | | APA Style, you must include a running title to the left |
| Dissertations, giving students and researchers additional | | | | of the page number on each page. A running title is a |
| guidelines. The sixth edition is the latest edition. The two | | | | two- or three-word summary of the title of your paper. |
| styles are nearly identical, with only a few differences, | | | | With Chicago (Turabian) Style, you only list the page |
| and they're often combined to represent one style, as | | | | number. If a chapter heading appears on the page in |
| we've done here. Non-scholarly publications also will | | | | Chicago (Turabian) Style, you should list the page |
| make use of Chicago (Turabian) Style in magazines | | | | number along the bottom of the page, instead of in the |
| and newspapers. | | | | upper right corner. |
| APA STYLE. Subjects related to the social sciences, | | | | REFERENCE LIST FORMATTING. With both styles, |
| such as business, criminal justice, economics, law, and | | | | when listing each of your sources on the reference list |
| medical subjects, including nursing and psychology, | | | | page or in a bibliography, use the full last name of the |
| work best with APA Style. The American | | | | author(s) in each entry. In APA Style, you also list only |
| Psychological Association created the APA Style, and | | | | the initials of the first and middle name of each author. |
| you can visit apastyle.org on the Internet to find more | | | | In Chicago (Turabian) Style, you spell out the entire first |
| information on APA Style. The Publication Manual of | | | | and middle name of each author. (The middle name |
| the American Psychological Association is the full listing | | | | information is optional. |