New Orleans: Rebuilding or Swamp?

It is likely to be the largest demolition of a community inof Historic Places covering half the city, has the highest
modern U.S. history -- destruction begun by hurricanesconcentration of historic structures in the nation. That
Katrina and Rita and finished by heavy machinery. Aincludes the Lower Ninth's Holy Cross section, with its
neighborhood tucked into a deep depression betweenshotgun houses and gems such as the Jackson
two canals, railroad tracks and the Mississippi River,Barracks, the Doullut Steamboat Houses and St.
New Orleans's Lower Ninth has spent more of theMaurice Church.Although it is less than two miles
past five weeks underwater than dry. Entire housesnortheast of the French Quarter, the Lower Ninth
knocked off foundations. Barbershops and cornerWard is far removed from the money and clout
groceries flattened. Cars tossed inside living rooms.pulsating through downtown. From the high ground
What remains is coated in muck -- a crusty layer ofalong the banks of the Mississippi River, the ward
canal water, sewage and dirt. Mold is rapidly devouringgradually slopes down. Closest to the river, the flood
interiors.The question now is whether the Lower Ninthwas five or six or seven feet deep; farther down into
Ward, which was devastated 40 years ago bythe neighborhood -- away from the river -- the water
Hurricane Betsy, should be resuscitated again. Thelapped at rooftops.Originally a cypress swamp, the
debate, as fervent as any facing post-hurricane Newcommunity of 20,000 is overwhelmingly black; more
Orleans, will test this city's mettle and is sure to exposethan one-third of residents live below the poverty line,
tensions over race, poverty and political power. Theaccording to the 2000 census. The people of the
people willing to let the Lower Ninth fade away hew toLower Ninth are the maids, bellhops and busboys who
a pragmatist's bottom line; the ones who want it tocare for New Orleans tourists. They are also the
stay talk of culture and tradition.The flooded sectionsclerks and cops now helping to get the city back on its
"should not be put back in the real estate market," saidfeet. The ward is home to carpenters, sculptors,
Craig E. Colten, a geography professor at Louisianamusicians and retirees. Fats Domino still has a house in
State University. "I realize it will be an insult [to formerthe Lower Ninth. Kermit Ruffins -- a quintessential New
residents], but it would be a far bigger insult to put themOrleanian trumpeter whose band likes to grill up some
back in harm's way."The notion is not withoutbarbecue between sets -- attended local schools.
precedent. In the 1800s, cities such as New York,About half the houses are rentals.Yet even some
Boston and Chicago rebuilt on filled-in marsh. Moreliberal activists, people who have worked to buoy the
recently, the federal government has paid to relocatefortunes of the Lower Ninth, are beginning to talk
homes destroyed by the Mississippi River floods offavorably about clearing it away -- if residents are well
1993; the Northridge, Calif., earthquake; and the Lovecompensated and given suitable housing elsewhere.But
Canal environmental disaster in Upstate New York.Ofscraping away the Lower Ninth would most certainly
the 160,000 buildings in Louisiana declaredchange the already delicate equations of racial and
"uninhabitable" after Katrina, a majority are in the Neweconomic politics in one of America's poorest cities, a
Orleans neighborhoods that suffered extensivecity that was 67 percent black but is likely to have a
flooding. Mayor C. Ray Nagin, an African Americansmaller black majority once it is resettled. LSU's Colten
who worked in the private sector before enteringfears middle-class Gentilly and wealthy Lakeview --
politics, has spelled out plans to reopen every sectionjust as prone to severe flooding -- will nevertheless be
of the city -- except the Lower Ninth. Housing andrebuilt, while the Lower Ninth is abandoned.The
Urban Development Secretary Alphonso Jackson toldtemptation will be to "open up spaces where there has
the Houston Chronicle he has advised Nagin that "itbeen a lot of poverty," similar to the urban renewal
would be a mistake to rebuild the Ninth Ward."Historicprojects of the 1960s, he said: "Those were seen as a
preservation advocates fear that the city will capitalizeway of cleansing a problem. It didn't eliminate poverty; it
on a program run by the Federal Emergencyjust moved it."Written for
Management Agency that pays to tear downBy James Christensen
damaged buildings but not to repair historic privateReal Estate Expert and educator. Our training site
properties.offers a valuable service to individuals looking to get
New Orleans, with 20 districts on the National Registerinto the Real Estate industry.